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Charles Frederick Henningsen (1815 – 14 June 1877) was a writer, mercenary, filibuster, and munitions expert. He participated in civil wars and independence movements in Spain, Nicaragua, Hungary, and the United States. He was born either in Brussels〔Samuel Austin Allibone, ''A Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors'' (J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1891), 808.〕 or in England of Swedish ancestry.〔http://www.congressionalcemetery.org/obituary-henningsen-charles-frederick.〕 One of his sisters was Josephine Amelie de Henningsen, who later became a member of the Missionary Sisters of the Assumption, who established the order in South Africa in 1849.〔Alban O'Riley, ''Notre Mere; A Record of the Life & Times of M. Gertrude Du S. Sacrement'' (Maskew Miller, 1922). This source has material on the family history.〕 ==Spain== He fought in the First Carlist War, after entering as a volunteer in the service of Don Carlos in 1834. Henningsen rose to be captain of bodyguard to the Carlist general Tomás de Zumalacárregui. After the signing of the Lord Eliot Convention in April 1835, at which he was present,〔 19th Century´s militar history in the Basque Country, Zumalakarregi Museum, archived on 4 September 2006 from (the original )〕 Henningsen returned to England.〔George Ripley, ''The New American Cyclopaedia'' (1860: D. Appleton and Company), 79.〕 However, Henningsen soon returned to Spain with the rank of lieutenant-colonel and joined the Carlist expedition that threatened Madrid from Aragon.〔 He fought at the Battle of Villar de los Navarros (24 August 1837), a Carlist victory, earning the rank of colonel. He headed the Carlist lancers and was attacked outside of Madrid by Liberal (Isabeline) forces. He led a column against these forces, capturing the outer fortifications of Madrid. He held them for several hours, until notified that Don Carlos could send him no reinforcements.〔 Historic Congressional Cemetery, archived on 7 September 2008 from (the original )〕 However, he was subsequently taken prisoner, and released on parole. He did not serve again in this war.〔 He later recorded his experiences in Spain in the book (''The Most Striking Events of a Twelvemonth's Campaign with Zumalacarregui'' ), which he dedicated to Lord Eliot. The work created controversy in Britain because it glorified Zumalacárregui and supported the Carlist position.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles Frederick Henningsen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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